WILD HORSES: SOCIAL COMPETITION AND POPULATION SIZE
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Welfare of competition horses.
In the large majority of cases and circumstances, horses benefit from their association with man. However, abuse of horses can occur, due to neglect or through the pressures of competition. The welfare of all animals, including competition horses, has become increasingly topical over the past ten years. Equestrian sport is coming under closer public scrutiny due to reports of apparent abuse. Th...
متن کاملAdaptive evolution and effective population size in wild house mice.
Estimates of the proportion of amino acid substitutions that have been fixed by selection (α) vary widely among taxa, ranging from zero in humans to over 50% in Drosophila. This wide range may reflect differences in the efficacy of selection due to differences in the effective population size (N(e)). However, most comparisons have been made among distantly related organisms that differ not only...
متن کاملSocial and spatial structure and range use by Kaimanawa wild horses (Equus caballus: Equidae)
We measured horse density, social structure, habitat use, home ranges and altitudinal micro-climates in the south-western Kaimanawa ranges east of Waiouru, New Zealand. Horse density in the Auahitotara ecological sector averaged 3.6 horses.km and ranged from 0.9 to 5.2 horses.km within different zones. The population’s social structure was like that of other feral horse populations with an even...
متن کاملSocial Ecology of Horses
Horses (Equidae) are believed to formidably demonstrate the links between ecology and social organization. Their social cognitive abilities enable them to succeed in many different environments, including those provided for them by humans, or the ones domestic horses encounter when escaping from their human care takers. Living in groups takes different shapes in equids. Their aggregation and gr...
متن کاملCompetition of Different Densities of Wild Mustard (Brassica kaber) and Rapeseed (Brassica napus) in Greenhouse
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the competitive effects of different densities of wild mustardas against rapeseed. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replicationsusing replacement series in which wild mustard and rapeseed were respectively planted in different ratios of 4:0, 3:1,2:2, 1:3 and 0:4 plants per pot. Results indicated that t...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Evolution
سال: 1988
ISSN: 0014-3820
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb04172.x